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PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Circular table top. “Sampler” (Specimen D90). Marbles and hard stones.
Circular board decorated with a composition based on plates of different stones arranged concentrically in rectangles and squares. The technique is very similar to that used by important European workshops from the 16th to the 18th centuries, and the decoration, giving prominence to the materials, recalls the so-called sample books that these same centers made."

· Size: Diámetro 90 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-146 D...
PIETRA DURA RECTANGULAR TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top. Marble and hard stones. Presents restoration.

Rectangular tabletop made with a technique inspired by Ancient Rome very similar to marquetry, which uses marbles and other hard stones instead of wood, highlighting them very often on a black background. A decorated shield resembling a dome has been placed in the center, and is flanked on the longest sides by two veined fruit bowls, and on the smaller ones by two bouquets of flowers (carnations ...) and fruits (cherries). A border frames these motifs, made up of bands that curve into scrolls and heraldic shields under lyres at the corners, and animated with parrots perched on them. The inspiration in the best examples of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for the realization of this work is clear.
The dash features a restoration"

· Size: 120x240 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-167 1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Tabletop made of marble and hard stones in console format. Empire style.
The shape of the tabletop makes it more suitable for use on a console, while the simple decoration based on geometric shapes and marked symmetry can be considered influenced by the French Empire style and is reminiscent of the samples that were sometimes made by the main European hard stonework workshops to show the veins and colors of the materials they used, following a technique very similar to wood inlay, in their works since the 16th century."

· Size: 125x55 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-221 1...
ROUND PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Geometric pattern. Marbles and hard stones.
Table top with a concentric composition made from rectangles and triangles of different stones framed by another smooth band. This type of work, although inspired by both the materials and the technique, in those made by the main European workshops from the 16th to the 18th centuries, is more reminiscent of the sample boards with which these centers displayed their materials in front of potential clients for the prominence of the colors and veins of the stones."

· Size: 90x90 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-222 S...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP.

Table top. Hard stones.
Table top made of carved and polished hard stones in a marquetry composition inspired, both by technique and elements, by Italian Renaissance and Baroque works."

· Size: 120x3x240 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-291 2...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top. "Bird and butterfly." Marbles and hard stones.
Board decorated with a central motif of perched bird and butterfly surrounded by a shield with scrolls and branches, highlighted by a frame with scrolls, veined shapes in the corners, lace, flowers and fruits. Both stylistically and technically, it is inspired by examples made in Italy after the development of hard stone inlay in the 16th century, which was spread throughout Europe for its value."

· Size: 180x90 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-293 1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Octagonal table top decorated with hard stone work.
Octagonal table top in dark stone decorated with "hard stone work" forming a series of stars in the central area and an elaborate band of flowers outward, in an area separated from the center by two clear lines. It has been made with a technique similar to inlay that uses marbles and hard stones (more than 7 on the Mohs scale) to make these designs, which emerged in Italy in the Renaissance and was developed in Europe only in a few important factories."

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-37 OC...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Hard stones and marbles.
The center has been reserved with the black background to further highlight the edge decorated with geometric elements framed in shields and simple shapes. The technique, very similar to wood inlay, is inspired by examples made in Italy and other important centers in France and Spain from the 16th to the 18th centuries, but the decorative motifs can be more closely related to early examples from Florence. of the Medici, before plants and birds became the main theme of these tables."

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-50 SQ...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES. “FLOWER”.

Circular marble top and hard stones. "Flower". Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.
A flower surrounded by vegetal scrolls is presented as the main motif in the center, and is highlighted by its brown colors, in contrast to the paler ones of the environment, made from plant elements and branches with fruits on which there are several birds perched while some butterflies are outlined on the black background.
To make the board, a technique similar to wood inlay has been used, using marbles and different hard stones such as lapis lazuli. The history of the “hard stone work” was born with Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent in Florence, who wanted to revitalize the technique of the Roman mosaic (opus sectile) made with colored stones with the pertinent variations of thematic and technique. After 1600 the primacy of the decoration of naturalistic motifs is clear over the rest of the themes that appeared in the 15th century. In the seventeenth century, France was the first court to show a clear interest in the hard stone technique, establishing local production centers (Gobelin Factory) and, while, in Italy, the Royal Workshop of Naples took over from the Florentine already for then disappeared. In Spain, Carlos III established another one in the Real Palacio del Buen Retiro in Madrid, which closed in the early 19th century. With the passage of time, and based on the prominence of plant motifs, the models changed to suit the tastes of the time.
They were always works carried out for the high aristocracy and the courts due to the high price of materials and labor. The present example is a worthy heir to this important tradition. Compare with those preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the panel by Francesco Ghinghi (O00511) or the one made in Naples (O00466) at the Museo del Prado in Madrid."

· Size: Diam. 120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD05 D1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES. “FLOWER”.

Circular marble top and hard stones. "Flower". Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.
A flower surrounded by vegetal scrolls is presented as the main motif in the center, and is highlighted by its brown colors, in contrast to the paler ones in the environment, made from plant elements and branches with fruits on which there are several birds perched while some butterflies are outlined on the black background.
To make the board, a technique similar to wood inlay has been used, using marbles and different hard stones such as lapis lazuli. The history of the “hard stone work” was born with Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent in Florence, who wanted to revitalize the technique of the Roman mosaic (opus sectile) made with colored stones with the pertinent variations of thematic and technique. After 1600 the primacy of the decoration of naturalistic motifs is clear over the rest of the themes that appeared in the 15th century. In the seventeenth century, France was the first court to show a clear interest in the hard stone technique, establishing local production centers (Gobelin Factory) and, while, in Italy, the Royal Workshop of Naples took over from the Florentine already for then disappeared. In Spain, Carlos III established another one in the Real Palacio del Buen Retiro in Madrid, which closed in the early 19th century. With the passage of time, and based on the prominence of plant motifs, the models changed to suit the tastes of the time.
They were always works carried out for the high aristocracy and the courts due to the high price of materials and labor. The present example is a worthy heir to this important tradition. Compare with those preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the panel by Francesco Ghinghi (O00511) or the one made in Naples (O00466) at the Museo del Prado in Madrid."

· Size: Diam. 90 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD05 D9...
CIRCULAR PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Circular table top in marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.
In the center of the board, surrounded by a garland of flowers, a pearl necklace with a bow has been placed. Around this element, there are four vases with birds perched on interspersed branches and, further outwards, a band with vegetal scrolls. This area is framed by another with simplified scrolls and another with other more elaborate and interspersed with ornate forms and heraldic shields, and perched birds.
The fleur-de-lis on the edge clearly shows the influence of Gobelin works on this board. The French workshop was created with the aim of making this type of inlay for the court of this country, and is heir to the native center of the “hard stone work”: the Florence of Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent, who wanted to revive a Roman technique called “opus sectile” mosaic. It is also necessary to mention the Royal Workshop of Naples and the one created by Carlos III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, which closed at the beginning of the 19th century. After 1600, the primacy of decoration is clear that they appeared in the 15th century, and elements such as birds, butterflies and pearl necklaces were added over time. This example inherits all this tradition: compare with the table made by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalog number O00511) and the tabletop (O00466) from around the middle of the 18th century, both in the Prado Museum from Madrid, those preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence (especially works such as the board made as a model for a table by Jacopo LIgozzi around 1610).
Traditionally, a technique very similar to inlay was used, but using, instead of wood, marbles of different colors and veins and hard stones (greater than 6 on the Mohs scale) such as lapis lazuli, agates ... In this example, They have included many of those used in works from the 16th to 18th centuries, making it an outstanding work."

· Size: Diam. 150 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD1211 ...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Round table top in marbles and hard stones. “Branches and grapes”. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.

Circular table top with a grape leaf motif and black and white grapes in the center on a black background. An outer band, marked with two white lines, highlights this element and shows a variegated composition with variegated flowers and stems with leaves.
This form of inlay, called “hard stone work”, uses marbles of different colors and veins and stones with a hardness on the Mohs scale greater than 6. Lapis lazuli and Belgian black marble for the backgrounds were used very often and As used to be the case with these materials, they had to be imported, hence the high price these works acquired. Desks, furniture, vases, plates… destined for the high aristocracy and the courts were made in different European workshops.
The technique was born in Florence, thanks to the interest on the part of Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize a Roman mosaic technique (opus sectile). From 1600, naturalistic motifs were preferred over the rest of the themes and other production centers of great importance were established: in France, the Gobelin Factory; the Royal Workshop of Naples took over from the Florentine when the Medici disappeared; In Spain, Carlos III established another in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro, which disappeared at the beginning of the 19th century. This example is inspired by this tradition. Compare with works kept in important collections: those kept in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the table in the Prado Museum in Madrid made by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalog number O00511), or the panel "Parrot perched on a pear tree" created in the workshops of the Grand Duke of Tuscany in Florence and kept in the Kremlin Museum in Moscow (Russia)."

· Size: Diam. 120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD13 D1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top with marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.
The vein of a specific stone has been highlighted by placing it in the center and surrounded by a necklace with round and rhomboidal beads. Around it, a decoration based on vegetal scrolls with flowers stands out, of marked classicist inspiration. To complete the composition, without detracting from the central area, the outer band shows a series of empty mirrors inside cartouches that recall those used in the Renaissance.
The technique is very similar to inlay, but uses marbles and hard stones (more than 7 on the Mohs scale) to make these designs. Desks, boards and other objects were made with "hard stone work". Lapis lazuli was usually used together with Belgian marble in the background, accompanied by jades, chalcedony, etc. The price of the material and that of specialized labor raised the cost of this type of art so much that its recipients were only the main houses and courts of the time, so today they are only kept in prominent private collections and in important museums.
Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent who began to support in Florence a series of works to recover, with thematic and technical changes, the Roman mosaic technique called "opus sectile". It is at this time that the greatest decorative variety was produced, because, from around 1600, it was naturalistic motifs that ended up prevailing. Over the years, in addition, birds, parrots, lace, pearls, etc. were added. The hard stone work was so successful that, since the 17th century, a series of workshops were created in Europe that continued this tradition, including the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the El factory. Good Retirement in Madrid.
Compare this panel with other masterpieces: the “Tablero del Duque de Osuna” (O00501) made in 1614 and preserved in the Prado Museum in Madrid has an exterior band reminiscent of this one; the vein of the stone in its central area also stands out, the "Farnese Table" of the Metropolitan Museum in New York (58.57 ad); and some preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence."

· Size: 180x120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWRT229 ...
RECTANGULAR PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top in marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.

Two flower axes flanked by vegetal scrolls facing each other and with a geometric arrangement have been placed in the center. This motif is framed by a white line that forms rhombuses on the smaller sides, along with another blue line. Towards the outside, another band leaves square spaces in the corners with simplified flowers and simple scrolls. A wide blue band and a narrower white band face outwards.
The technique known as “hard stone work” is similar to that of marquetry, but uses marbles of different colors and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale instead of wood. He was born in Florence, with the attempt by Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize an ancient Roman mosaic technique called "opus sectile." Such was the success that workshops multiplied throughout Europe, including the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples (which took over from the Medici) and the one established in the Royal Site of El Buen Retreat from Madrid by Carlos III, which had the support of quality local specialists but was closed with Napoleon in 1808 and destroyed in 1812.
The objects made (desks, tables, vases, plates ...) initially showed a great decorative variety, but, from around 1600, a clear prominence of naturalistic elements was noticed over geometric ones: flowers, fruits, birds, pearls, butterflies… This example is heir to this tradition, as shown when compared with works such as the table in the Prado Museum in Madrid made by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalog number O00511), or the tabletop from the end of the 16th or early 17th century created in Rome (inventory 62,259) at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, or those kept in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence or the examples in the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Madrid. However, it is necessary to highlight the update towards more contemporary tastes that can be seen in the geometric game made with the white and blue bands."

· Size: 120x75 cms
DECORATION

Ref.: AWRT35 1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top made of marbles and hard stones.
The central motif of the board is a parrot perched on the branch of a fruit tree. It has been highlighted with a polygonal frame decorated with simple geometric elements. A band has been arranged around it, drawing curves and straight areas in the manner of Renaissance scrolls, and the composition is completed by a pleiad of bouquets with varied flowers and leaves, interspersed with this band.
The technique used, called hard stone work, is very similar to marquetry, but uses colored marbles and stones with a hardness, usually greater than 7 on the Mohs scale. Lapis lazuli, black Belgian marble as a background, jades, azurite, etc. are common in this type of work, and a great variety of elements such as tables, desks, panels or pedestals were decorated with these plates.
Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent supported in Florence the recovery, with thematic and technical changes, of the Roman technique of the mosaic “opus sectile”. It is at this time that the greatest decorative variety was produced, because, from around 1600, it was naturalistic motifs that ended up prevailing, and it is with this evolution that the present example can be compared. Over the years, in addition, birds, parrots, lace, pearls, etc. were added. The hard stone work was so successful that, since the 17th century, a series of workshops were created in Europe that continued this tradition, including the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the El factory. Good Retirement in Madrid.
Only large museums and prominent private collections hold similar examples. Compare with the so-called “Scagiola” from the Victoria & Albert Museum in London (W.6-1933) made in the 18th century, those at the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, or a panel with owls and birds in the Villa di Poggio Imperiale from the same city, or one from the Prado Museum in Madrid by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalog number O00511)."

· Size: 240x120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWRT97 2...
SQUARED PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.

A frame of simple geometric elements and white oval shields accompanied by architectural details highlights, thanks to its light tones, the decorative motif in the center. This one, situated on a dark background, is made up of vegetal scrolls and flowers organized by inward lines, camouflaged by these stems, so that, despite the abundance of decoration, the four-petal flower in the center stands out.
The “hard stone work” used in this table is very similar to marquetry, but uses marbles and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale. The idea arose in Florence, when trying to revitalize a type of mosaic that was used in Ancient Rome called "opus sectile" in the time of the Medici. This was such a success that, very soon, other workshops emerged in Europe, among which it is necessary to highlight the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the one established by Carlos III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, the which closed at the beginning of the XIX century. The present example is heir to this tradition.
And stylistic influences are also appreciated. Although at first there was a great variety of decorative elements in these stone inlays, from around 1600 the naturalistic motifs gained prominence, gaining in variety over time by including butterflies, birds, fruits ... Compare this example with those preserved in the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, with the Roman chess board from between 1565 and 1590 from the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Madrid (inventory CE 27144) or the anonymous Roman board from before 1636 (O00470) from the Prado Museum."

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWST91 1...
SQUARE PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.

A pearl necklace with a bow has been placed in the center of the board, on a black background. It is surrounded by an area of plant scrolls, flowers and perched birds framed by a band of simplified scrolls. On the outside, eight fish have been placed in the corners, facing two by two with a ball, a crown and located on an architectural motif, visually joined by vegetal scrolls.
This inlay, called "hard stone work", which uses colored marbles and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale, emerged in Florence, thanks to the attempt of Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize and update a technique of mosaic called "opus sectile" used in Ancient Rome. He had such success in the European courts that, from the seventeenth century, a series of workshops were created following his example, among which the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the one established by Charles III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, which continued in operation until the early 19th century. Stylistically, they began with a striking variety of motifs, but, from around 1600, naturalists (flowers, fruits, butterflies, birds ...) were generally preferred.
Table tops, plates, desks, vases, etc. were made with this technique, always for the high aristocracy and royalty due to the very high prices of these works, due to the high specialization required since, very often, it was necessary to import the raw material (lapis lazuli, agates, Belgian black marble used to be for the backgrounds…).
The present example is heir to this important tradition, the influence of which is demonstrated by comparing it with works such as the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the Roman panel from towards the end of the 16th century (inventory 62.259) in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, or in Naples by Francesco Ghinghi around the middle of the 18th century (inventory O00511) kept in the Prado Museum in Madrid."

· Size: 90x90 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWST99 9...
RECTANGULAR PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top in marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models of the 16th-17th centuries.

Two flower axes flanked by vegetal scrolls facing each other and with a geometric arrangement have been placed in the center. This motif is framed by a white line that forms rhombuses on the smaller sides, along with another blue line. Towards the outside, another band leaves square spaces in the corners with simplified flowers and simple scrolls. A wide blue band and a narrower white band face outwards.
The technique known as “hard stone work” is similar to that of marquetry, but uses marbles of different colors and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale instead of wood. He was born in Florence, with the attempt by Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize an ancient Roman mosaic technique called "opus sectile." Such was the success that workshops multiplied throughout Europe, including the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples (which took over from the Medici) and the one established in the Royal Site of El Buen Retreat from Madrid by Carlos III, which had the support of quality local specialists but was closed with Napoleon in 1808 and destroyed in 1812.
The objects made (desks, tables, vases, plates ...) initially showed a great decorative variety, but, from around 1600, a clear prominence of naturalistic elements was noticed over geometric ones: flowers, fruits, birds, pearls, butterflies… This example is heir to this tradition, as shown when compared with works such as the table in the Prado Museum in Madrid made by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalog number O00511), or the tabletop from the end of the 16th or early 17th century created in Rome (inventory 62,259) at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, or those kept in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence or the examples in the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Madrid. However, it is necessary to highlight the update towards more contemporary tastes that can be seen in the geometric game made with the white and blue bands."

· Size: 150x90 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: ZAAWRT35...

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