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PIETRA DURA RECTANGULAR TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top. Marble and hard stones. Presents restoration. Rectangular board made with a technique inspired by Ancient Rome, very similar to marquetry, which uses marble and other hard stones instead of wood, often standing out on a black background. A decorated shield resembling a dome has been placed in the center, and is flanked on the longer sides by two venerated fruit bowls, and on the smaller ones by two bouquets of flowers (carnations...) and fruit (cherries). A border frames these motifs, composed of bands that curve into scrolls and heraldic shields under lyres in the corners, and animated with parrots perched on them. The inspiration in the best examples of the 17th and 18th centuries for the realization of this work is clear. The board presents a restoration

· Size: 120x240 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-167 1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Marble top and hard stones in console format. Empire style. The shape of the top makes it more suitable for use on a console, while the simple decoration based on geometric shapes and marked symmetry can be considered influenced by the French Empire style and is reminiscent of the samplers that were sometimes made by the main European hard stone working workshops to show the veins and colors of the materials they used, following a technique very similar to wood inlay, in their work since the 16th century.

· Size: 125x55 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-221 1...
ROUND PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. geometric pattern. Marbles and hard stones. Table top with a concentric composition made from rectangles and triangles of different stones framed by another smooth band. This type of work, although inspired both in the materials and in the technique, in those carried out by the main European workshops from the 16th to the 18th centuries, is more reminiscent of the display boards with which these centers displayed their materials to potential clients for the prominence of the colors and veins of the stones.

· Size: 90x90 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-222 S...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP.

Table top. hard stones. Table top made of carved and polished hard stones in a marquetry composition inspired, both in technique and in elements, by Italian Renaissance and Baroque works.

· Size: 120x3x240 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-291 2...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top. "Bird and butterfly". Marbles and hard stones. Panel decorated with a central motif of a perched bird and butterfly surrounded by a shield with scrolls and branches, highlighted by a frame with scrollwork, venerated shapes in the corners, lacework, little flowers and fruits. Both stylistically and technically, it draws its inspiration from examples made in Italy following the development of hard stone inlay in the 16th century, which spread throughout Europe for its value.

· Size: 180x90 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-293 1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Octagonal table top decorated with hard stone work. Octagonal table top in dark stone decorated with "hard stone work" forming a series of stars in the central area and an elaborate band of flowers towards the outside, in an area separated from the center by two clear lines. It has been made with a technique similar to inlay that uses marbles and hard stones (more than 7 on the Mohs scale) to make these designs, which emerged in Italy in the Renaissance and developed throughout Europe only in a few important factories.

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-37 OC...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Hard stones and marbles. The center has been reserved with a black background to further highlight the border decorated with geometric elements framed in shields and simple shapes. The technique, very similar to wood inlay, is inspired by examples made in Italy and other important centers in France and Spain from the 16th to 18th centuries, but the decorative motifs can be more closely related to early examples from Florence. of the Medici, before plants and birds became the main theme of these tables.

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION
HARD STONE

Ref.: AM-50 SQ...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES. “FLOWER”.

Circular tabletop of marble and hard stones. "Flower". Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. A flower surrounded by vegetable scrolls is presented as the main motif in the center, and is highlighted by its brown colors, in contrast to the paler colors of the environment, made from vegetable elements and branches with fruits on which several birds are perched while some butterflies stand out against the black background. To make the board, a technique similar to wood inlay has been used, using marble and different hard stones such as lapis lazuli. The history of "hard stone work" was born with Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent in Florence, who wanted to revitalize the Roman mosaic technique (opus sectile) made with colored stones with the relevant variations of theme and technique. After 1600 the primacy of the decoration of naturalistic motifs over the rest of the themes that appeared in the 15th century is clear. In the 17th century, France was the first court to show a clear interest in the hard stone technique, establishing local production centers (Gobelins Factory) and, while, in Italy, the Royal Workshop of Naples took over from the Florentine one already for then disappeared. In Spain, Carlos III established another one in the Real Palacio del Buen Retiro in Madrid, which closed at the beginning of the 19th century. With the passage of time, and based on the prominence of plant motifs, the models changed to suit the tastes of the time. They were always works carried out for the high aristocracy and the courts due to the high price of materials and labor. The present example is a worthy heir to this important tradition. Compare with those preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the panel by Francesco Ghinghi (O00511) or the one made in Naples (O00466) in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

· Size: Diam. 120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD05 D1...
CIRCULAR PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Circular table top in marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. In the center of the board, surrounded by a garland of flowers, there is a pearl necklace with a bow. Around this element, there are four vases with birds perched on interspersed branches and, further outwards, a band with vegetable scrolls. This area is framed by another with simplified scrollwork and one with other more worked and interspersed with venerated shapes and heraldic shields, and perched birds. The fleur de lis on the edge clearly shows the influence of the Gobelin works on this board. The French workshop was created with the aim of making this type of inlay for the court of this country, and is heir to the native center of "hard stone work": the Florence of Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent, who wanted to revive a Roman technique called “opus sectile” mosaic. It is also worth mentioning the Royal Workshop in Naples and the one created by Carlos III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, which closed at the beginning of the 19th century. After 1600 the primacy of the decoration that appeared in the 15th century is clear, and elements such as birds, butterflies and pearl necklaces were added over time. The present example inherits all this tradition: compare with the table made by Francesco Ghinghi in the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalogue number O00511) and the board (O00466) from around the middle of the 18th century, both in the Museo del Prado from Madrid, those preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence (especially works such as the board made as a model for a table by Jacopo LIgozzi around 1610). Traditionally, a technique very similar to inlay was used, but using, instead of wood, marbles of different colors and veins and hard stones (greater than 6 on the Mohs scale) such as lapis lazuli, agates... In the present example, They have included many of those used in the works from between the 16th and 18th centuries, which makes it an outstanding work.

· Size: Diam. 150 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD1211 ...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Round table top in marbles and hard stones. "Banks and grapes." Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. Circular table top with a motif of vine leaves and black and white grapes in the center on a black background. An outer band, marked with two white lines, highlights this element and shows a variegated composition with varied flowers and stems with leaves. This form of inlaid work, called “hard stone work”, uses marbles of different colors and veins and stones with a Mohs scale hardness greater than 6. Lapis lazuli and Belgian black marble for backgrounds were used very often and , as used to happen with these materials, it was necessary to import them, hence the high price that these works acquired. Desks, furniture, vases, plaques... destined for the high aristocracy and the courts were made in different European workshops. The technique was born in Florence, thanks to the interest on the part of Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize a Roman mosaic technique (opus sectile). From 1600, naturalist motifs were preferred over other themes and other production centers of great importance were established: in France, the Gobelin Factory; the Royal Workshop of Naples took over from the Florentine when the Medici disappeared; In Spain, Carlos III established another one in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro, which disappeared at the beginning of the 19th century. The present example is inspired by this tradition. Compare with works preserved in important collections: those kept in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the table in the Museo del Prado in Madrid made by Francesco Ghinghi in the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalogue number O00511), or the panel “Parrot perched on a pear tree” created in the workshops of the Grand Duke of Tuscany in Florence and kept in the Moscow Kremlin Museum (Russia).

· Size: Diam. 120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWD13 D1...
PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top with marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. The vein of a specific stone has been highlighted by placing it in the center and surrounded by a necklace with round and rhomboid beads. Around it, a decoration based on vegetable scrolls with flowers stands out, with a marked classicist inspiration. To complete the composition, without detracting from the central area, the outer band shows a series of empty mirrors inside cartouches reminiscent of those used in the Renaissance. The technique is very similar to inlay, but uses marbles and hard stones (more than 7 on the Mohs scale) to make these designs. Desks, boards and other objects were made with “hard stone work”. Usually, lapis lazuli was used together with Belgian marble in the background, accompanied by jades, chalcedony, etc. The price of the material and that of specialized labor raised the cost of this type of art so much that its recipients were only the main houses and courts of the time, which is why today they are only kept in prominent private collections and in important museums. Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent who began to support a series of works in Florence to recover, with thematic and technical changes, the Roman mosaic technique called "opus sectile". It is at this time that the greatest decorative variety was produced, because, from around 1600, it was naturalistic motifs that ended up prevailing. Over the years, moreover, birds, parrots, laceries, pearls, etc. were added. The work of hard stones was so successful that, from the 17th century, a series of workshops were created in Europe that continued this tradition, among which the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the factory in El Good Retirement in Madrid. Compare this panel with other masterpieces: the "Plate of the Duke of Osuna" (O00501) made in 1614 and preserved in the Museo del Prado in Madrid has a band on the outside that reminds him; The vein of the stone in its central area also stands out, the “Farnese Table” of the Metropolitan Museum of New York (58.57 ad); and some preserved in the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence.

· Size: 180x120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWRT229 ...
SQUARED PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. A frame of simple geometric elements and white oval shields accompanied by architectural details highlights, thanks to its light tones, the decorative motif in the center. This one, located on a dark background, is made up of vegetable scrolls and flowers organized by lines towards the interior, camouflaged thanks to these stems, so that, despite the abundance of decoration, the four-petalled flower in the center stands out. The “hard stone work” used on this table is very similar to marquetry, but uses marbles and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale. The idea arose in Florence, when trying to revitalize a type of mosaic that was used in Ancient Rome called "opus sectile" in the Medici era. Such a success was that, very soon, other workshops arose in Europe, among which it is necessary to highlight the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop in Naples and the one established by Carlos III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, the which closed at the beginning of the 19th century. The present example is heir to this tradition. And there are also stylistic influences. Although at the beginning there was a great variety of decorative elements in these stone inlays, from around 1600 naturalistic motifs gained prominence, which became more varied over time by including butterflies, birds, fruits... Compare this example with those preserved in the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, with the Roman chess board from between 1565 and 1590 from the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Madrid (inventory CE 27144) or the anonymous Roman chess board from before 1636 (O00470) from the Prado Museum.

· Size: 120x120 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWST91 1...
SQUARE PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Square table top. Marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. A pearl necklace with a bow has been placed in the center of the board, on a black background. It is surrounded by an area of plant scrolls, flowers and perched birds framed by a band of simplified scrolls. On the outside, eight fish have been placed facing each other two by two with a ball, a crown and located on an architectural motif, visually united by means of vegetable scrolls. This inlay, called "hard stone work", which uses colored marbles and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale arose in Florence, thanks to the attempt by Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize and update a technique mosaic called “opus sectile” used in Ancient Rome. Such a success was it in the European courts, that, from the 17th century, a series of workshops were created following his example, among which it is necessary to highlight the Gobelins Factory in France, the Royal Workshop of Naples and the one established by Carlos III in the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro in Madrid, which continued in operation until the beginning of the 19th century. Stylistically, they began with a striking variety of motifs, but, from around 1600, naturalistic ones were generally preferred (flowers, fruits, butterflies, birds…). Table tops, plaques, desks, vases, etc. were made with this technique, always for the high aristocracy and royalty due to the very high prices of these works, due to the high specialization required and that, very often, it was necessary to import the raw material (lapis lazuli, agates, Belgian black marble used to be for the backgrounds…). The present example is heir to this important tradition, the influence of which is demonstrated when compared with works such as those of the Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence, the Roman panel from around the end of the 16th century (inventory 62,259) in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, or the one made in Naples by Francesco Ghinghi around the middle of the 18th century (inventory O00511) preserved in the Museo del Prado in Madrid.

· Size: 90x90 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: AWST99 9...
RECTANGULAR PIETRA DURA TABLETOP. MARBLE AND HARDSTONES.

Rectangular table top in marbles and hard stones. Inspired by Italian models from the 16th-17th centuries. Two axes of flowers have been placed in the center flanked by vegetable scrolls facing each other and with a geometric arrangement. This motif is framed by a white line that forms diamonds on the smaller sides, along with another blue line. Towards the outside, another band leaves square spaces in the corners with simplified flowers and simple scrollwork. A wide blue band and a narrower one in white are towards the outside. The technique known as “hard stone working” is similar to marquetry, but uses different colored marbles and stones with a hardness greater than 6 on the Mohs scale instead of wood. It was born in Florence, with the attempt carried out by Piero de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent to revitalize an Ancient Roman mosaic technique called “opus sectile”. Such was the success that workshops multiplied throughout Europe, among which the Gobelin Factory in France, the Royal Workshop of Naples (which took over from the Medici workshop) and the one established at the Royal Site of El Buen Retiro de Madrid by Carlos III, which had the support of quality local specialists but which was closed by Napoleon in 1808 and destroyed in 1812. The objects made (desks, tables, vases, plates...) at first showed a great decorative variety, but, from around 1600, a clear prominence of naturalistic elements over geometric ones was noted: flowers, fruits, birds, pearls, butterflies... The present example is heir to this tradition, as demonstrated by comparing it with works such as the table in the Museo del Prado in Madrid made by Francesco Ghinghi at the Real Laboratorio Delle Piedre Dure in Naples (catalogue number O00511), or the board from the late 16th or early 17th centuries created in Rome (inventory 62,259) at the Metropolitan Museum in New York, or those kept at the Museo Opificio delle Pietre Dure in Florence or the examples at the National Museum of Decorative Arts in Madrid. However, it is necessary to highlight the update towards more contemporary tastes that can be seen in the geometric game made with the white and blue bands.

· Size: 150x90 cms.
DECORATION

Ref.: ZAAWRT35...

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